Archive for the ‘Books and articles’ Category

Eurabia: No such thing

Friday, January 8th, 2010

The Brookings’ Institution’s Justin Vaïsse takes apart the Eurabia myth in this excellent short piece inForeign Policy.

He points out the concept’s stylistic links to fear of “Eurocommunism” in the 50s and general anti-European and anti-internationalist sentiments on the American right, and correctly positions Melanie Phillips as “on the fringe far right” in European debate.

Here’s some of the good stuff:

If these books insist so much on the future, it is because current [evidence for Muslim take over is] unimpressive. According to the higher range of estimates by the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC), there are already as many as 18 million Muslims in Western Europe, or 4.5 percent of the population. The percentage is even lower for the 27-country European Union as a whole. The future will certainly see an increase, but it’s hard to imagine that Europe will even reach the 10 percent mark (except in some countries or cities). For one thing, as the same NIC study indicates and demographers agree, fertility rates among Muslims are sharply declining as children of immigrants gradually conform to prevailing social and economic norms. Nor is immigration still a major source of newly minted European Muslims. Only about 500,000 people a year come legally to Europe from Muslim-majority countries, with an even smaller number coming illegally — meaning that the annual influx is a fraction of a percent of the European population.

Finally, though the Eurabia books describe Europe as committing “slow motion suicide”, reality begs to differ — and increasingly so. According to demographers, in 2008, fertility rates in France and Ireland were more than two children per woman, close to the U.S. (and replacement) level; in Britain and Sweden they were above 1.9. And though in the 1990s European countries set an all-time record for low fertility rates, figures are now rising in all EU states except Germany.

Cameron and Europe

Thursday, December 10th, 2009

No time for blogging today, but here’s an interesting short paper (pdf) from Charles Grant of the Centre for European Reform, talking about how a Cameron government, and David Cameron himself, will handle European issues.

Compulsory civic service

Monday, December 7th, 2009

James Crabtree writes a long article, which is worth reading, following up on his idea of compulsory civic service in the light of recent work by DEMOS.

I have a few philosophical problems with the idea of compulsory civic service, not least the idea that it is the State’s responsibility actively to define what its citizens should do, rather than to prohibit what they ought not to do.

That said, James’s piece makes me a little better-disposed to the proposal, not least because it sites it within the liberal republican tradition (the idea, not to be too wonkish) that this service is part of a range of obligations the citizen has to the political community to which he belongs, as in Switzerland, the Italian city-state republics, and so on.

There is still a problem for me, though, in the idea of compulsion. Are we really going to force people to undertake this service and send them to prison if they don’t? After all, a fine would just be used by the well-off to ‘buy out’ of six months when they could be working in the City or bumming round Europe on Daddy’s millions.

Perhaps an alternative approach might be – in the civic republican tradition – to prevent people from taking up their civic rights of voting, participating in juries, etc., until they had completed the service. Given the level of political disengagement, though, how many people would just not bother?

Have yourself a wonkish little Christmas

Saturday, December 5th, 2009

It’s almost Christmas, and if you’re missing a present for the politics wonk in your life, I’ve put together a short list of political gifts that might fill the gap nicely. The whole list is also available as an Amazon aStore page.

You can pick most of these up at your local bookshop or HMV, but if you purchase through the links to Amazon, a bit of cash will come the Society’s way as well. Merry Christmas!

Talked about:

  • Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness – perhaps a little past its maximum hotness, this libertarian-paternalist tract will still have a big influence on Conservative political thinking in 2010.
  • The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better – what Nudge is to the Conservatives, this book will be to progressives: a well-presented and simple set of Big Ideas that can be crafted into a whole political platform.
  • Bad Science – in an age of irrationality, Ben Goldacre is one of the most prominent resistance fighters. This book demolishes homeopathy and the pharmaceutical industry with equal gusto. Despite the title, it isn’t a collection of his Guardian columns.

Politics in 2010

  • Total Politics Guide to the 2010 General Election – Iain Dale’s new political magazine has established itself in 2009, and here presents policy and political information ahead of the General Election that has to be held by June next year.
  • British Electoral Facts – the book to have by your side on election night, if you want to win the quiz or just impress (or scare) your friends.

Political people

  • Wolf Hall – not quite a politician, but always political, Thomas Cromwell is the subject of this historical novel, which won the 2009 Booker Prize
  • A View From The Foothills: The Diaries of Chris Mullin – the diaries of Labour backbencher and former minister Chris Mullin show that unsuccessful politicians are often the best analysts of politics

Political history

On the screen

  • In The Loop – Malcolm Tucker, foul-mouthed British spin doctor, is the star in a film which unpicks pretentions on both sides of the special relationship (Blu-ray also available)
  • The West Wing – Complete Season 1-7 – with a real Democrat president in the White House, this box set offers you the chance to see how a fictional one got on back in the ’90s. Much loved (and copied) by Whitehall movers and shakers back in the day.

Have fun running the country

Friday, December 4th, 2009

If you want a heartening and amusing take on the sorts of issues that kids think are important in politics, I heartily recommend Thanks and Have Fun Running the Country: Kids’ Letters to President Obama, which shows that war, homelessness and snocones for everyone are the key elements of a kid-friendly platform.

Does direct democracy lead to distrust?

Thursday, December 3rd, 2009

I think futurity.org is rather overselling this study by the University of Buffalo:

Ballot initiatives, long thought to encourage democratic citizenship, may actually have the opposite effect of fostering distrust in state government, a new study finds.

After all, there are no directly democratic institutions in the UK and trust in government is just as low here as it is in the US. Anyway, it is a moderately interesting piece of work, showing that US states with more referendums are less likely to express trust in their elected representatives than those in states where they do not happen.

A few words on governance

Tuesday, December 1st, 2009

Local government governance guru Peter Keith-Lucas has
an article in this week’s Local Government Lawyer assessing the current state of governance in local councils.

It’s a good read – expert but not too technical. Keith-Lucas has plagues to put on the houses of both parties: the Labour party for watering down the proper role of scrutiny in its most recent green paper, the Conservatives for setting out proposals on Standards Committee issues that (he suggests) leave the door open for greater councillor corruption. Here’s his closing paragraph (but do go and read the lot):

For healthy local government, there must be corporate governance, there must be a balance between the power of the executive and the checks and balances, in terms of council and scrutiny holding the executive to account, and an enforceable set of minimum standards of conduct. I am seriously concerned that the checks and balances which were an essential part of the 2000 Act Settlement are under attack. That promises a prosperous New Year for lawyers, but not a happy time for local government.

China and participatory democracy

Saturday, November 28th, 2009

Will the next fifty years be peaceful or war-torn? The climate change negotiations in Copenhagen have a big part to play in that, but another determining factor is the political direction of China. As China becomes more wealthy, and its people become more protective of their property and their rights, will the People’s Republic transform itself into something more democratic, or will it drive towards repression?

At the moment, the government’s rhetorical approach is to push every sort of democracy other than the sort that involves them losing power. Free elections, argues this piece in China Daily are not the democracy you are looking for. Here’s an extract:

Before Chairman Mao Zedong declared the founding of the People’s Republic on Oct 1, 1949, he was challenged by Huang Yanpei, a well-known non-Communist educator. Huang asked Mao: Throughout Chinese history, no dynasty could survive the historical cycle, in that every dynasty was vigorous in its initial years and became prosperous, but then declined and finally collapsed. Can you Chinese Communists manage to move beyond this cycle?

Mao was confident and told Huang, “Yes”. Because, “We have an advanced political regiment, we have democracy which allows the people to supervise the government,” Mao said.

There have been zigzags in the exploration to realize this democracy in Mao’s mind, and there were even deviations from that goal when efficiency was emphasized. But democracy has become the commonly accepted value of younger generations of CPC leaders.

In 2006, the 6th Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China summarized the participatory democracy into the following four rights: Right to know, right to participate, right to expression and right to monitor or supervise. These four rights can be regarded as the cornerstone of China’s participatory democracy.

Of course, there have been obstacles in the course of people’s enjoyment of these rights. There have been cases of abuses of power. But we have been moving to improve our system to honor these rights, and we also see encouraging signs that ordinary people and individuals are acting to practice these rights.

By all means, more and more people in China have come to realize the significance of participatory democracy. Extensive participatory democracy can benefit individuals and society at large better than free elections.

What is interesting to me there is that an official Government organ is not making a case against western democracy in concept (as, for example, Islamists do), but is supporting the principle of democracy while arguing about the means.

This doesn’t mean that China is going to turn democratic any time soon, or at all. The Soviet Union kept up its pretence of ‘human rights’ even as it condemned thousands to the Gulag. It shows, though, some awareness in the Chinese state that ‘movement’ towards democracy, even if a watered-down consultative form, might be on the cards.

Longer-term, there are going to be big decisions to take and possibly big crises, but at least the rhetorical underpinnings of the Chinese state are ‘popular sovereignty’ rather than the certainties of theocracy.

Uncurbed by fear

Wednesday, November 18th, 2009

Andrew Sullivan discusses the Khalid Sheikh Mohammed trial, soon to take place in New York:

This will, then, be a Nuremberg-style event – because it will pit Qaeda barbarism against the cooling, calm and resolute nature of real Western justice in the clear light of history. But it does one more critical thing. It reveals a new confidence in ourselves and the Western way of life.

I completely agree. In fact, it reminds me of the scene in Aeschylus, where the Furies – representatives of an old and cruel ethos of revenge – are brought to heel by the new, law-based jury court established by Athena on the Areopagos.

Baltimore and London

Friday, November 13th, 2009

The Independent (UK) and the Baltimore Sun have swapped crime reporters for a week, and the difference in crime rates between the two cities prompts a discussion at MetaFilter, including this very true comment from MeFi member outlier:

I take part in my neighbourhood association in west London and the disconnect between what people talk about [in relation to crime] and what it’s actually like is vast. Election material almost always focuses on crime, painting a picture of fearful elderly trapped in their houses, wild and out-of-control youth roaming the streets. Halloween prompted feverish discussions about hooligans and how to keep them from harassing people. Stolen bikes are treated like the wedge of oncoming anarchy.

In a strange way, this attitude actually encourages crime. Youth is treated as a pathology, alienating the young. Communities are encouraged to be fearful, destroying community. Petty, odd irrelevant symptoms (like hoodies) are attacked, taking resources away from real crimes.

(The MeFi page links to the relevant articles in both papers)